| 1 Introduction 1-1 1.1 About this manual 1-2 1.2 Feedback 1-3 2 Getting Started 2-1 2.1 Introducing the Toolkit 2-2 2.2 The Hello World Example 2-4 3 Programmer��s Model 3-1 3.1 Introduction 3-2 3.2 Memory Formats 3-3 3.3 Instruction Length 3-4 3.4 Data Types 3-4 3.5 Processor Modes 3-4 3.6 Processor States 3-5 3.7 The ARM Register Set 3-6 3.8 The Thumb Register Set 3-8 3.9 Program Status Registers 3-10 3.10 Exceptions 3-12" 4 ARM Assembly Language Basics 4-1 4.1 Introduction 4-2 4.2 Structure of an Assembler Module 4-4 4.3 Conditional Execution 4-6 4.4 The ARM’s Barrel Shifter 4-10 4.5 Loading Constants Into Registers 4-14 4.6 Loading Addresses Into Registers 4-17 4.7 Jump Tables4-21 4.8 Using the Load and Store Multiple Instructions 4-23 5 Exploring ARM Assembly Language 5-1 5.1 Introduction 5-2 5.2 Integer to String Conversion 5-3 5.3 Multiplication by a Constant 5-8 5.4 Division by a Constant 5-12 5.5 Using 16-bit Data on the ARM 5-17 5.6 Pseudo Random Number Generation 5-25 5.7 Loading a Word from an Unknown Alignment 5-27 5.8 Byte Order Reversal 5-28 5.9 ARM Assembly Programming Performance Issues 5-29 6 Programming in C for the ARM 6-1 6.1 Introduction 6-2 6.2 Writing Efficient C for the ARM 6-3 6.3 Improving Code Size and Performance 6-11 6.4 Choosing a Division Implementation 6-14 6.5 Using the C Library in Deeply Embedded Applications 6-17 7 Interfacing C and Assembly Language 7-1 7.1 Introduction 7-2 7.2 Using the ARM Procedure Call Standard 7-3 7.3 Passing and Returning Structures 7-9 8 Advanced Linking 8-1 8.1 Using Overlays 8-2 8.2 ARM Shared Libraries 8-8 9 Writing Code for ROM 9-1 9.1 Introduction 9-2 9.2 Application Startup 9-2 9.3 Using the C Library in ROM 9-14 9.4 Troubleshooting Hints and Tips 9-18 10 The ARMulator 10-1 10.1 The ARMulator 10-2 10.2 Using the ARMulator Rapid Prototype Memory Model 10-4 10.3 Writing Custom Serial Drivers for ARM Debuggers 10-11 10.4 Rebuilding the ARMulator 10-13 11 Exceptions 11-1 11.1 Overview 11-2 11.2 Entering and Leaving an Exception 11-5 11.3 The Return Address and Return Instruction 11-6 11.4 Writing an Exception Handler 11-8 11.5 Installing an Exception Handler 11-12 11.6 Exception Handling on Thumb-Aware Processors 11-14 12 Implementing SWIs 12-1 12.1 Introduction 12-2 12.2 Implementing a SWI Handler 12-7 12.3 Loading the Vector Table 12-9 12.4 Calling SWIs from your Application 12-11 12.5 Development Issues: SWI Handlers and Demon 12-15 12.6 Example SWI Handler 12-18 13 Benchmarking, Performance Analysis, and Profiling 13-1 13.1 Introduction 13-221 13.2 Measuring Code and Data size 13-3 13.3 Timing Program Execution Using the ARMulator 13-5 13.4 Profiling Programs using the ARMulator 13-9 14 Using the Thumb Instruction Set 14-1 14.1 Working with Thumb Assembly Language 14-2 14.2 Hand-optimising the Thumb Compiler’s Output 14-5 14.3 ARM/Thumb Interworking 14-8 14.4 Division by a Constant in Thumb Code 14-12 |
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