1.图像反转MATLAB程序实现如下：I=imread('xian.bmp');J=double(I);J=-J+(256-1); %图像反转线性变换H=uint8(J);subplot(1,2,1),imshow(I);subplot(1,2,2),imshow(H);2.灰度线性变换MATLAB程序实现如下：I=imread('xian.bmp');subplot(2,2,1),imshow(I);title('原始图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);axis on; %显示坐标系I1=rgb2gray(I);subplot(2,2,2),imshow(I1);title('灰度图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);axis on; %显示坐标系J=imadjust(I1,[0.1 0.5],[]); %局部拉伸，把[0.1 0.5]内的灰度拉伸为[0 1]subplot(2,2,3),imshow(J);title('线性变换图像[0.1 0.5]');axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系K=imadjust(I1,[0.3 0.7],[]); %局部拉伸，把[0.3 0.7]内的灰度拉伸为[0 1]subplot(2,2,4),imshow(K);title('线性变换图像[0.3 0.7]');axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系 3.非线性变换MATLAB程序实现如下：I=imread('xian.bmp');I1=rgb2gray(I);subplot(1,2,1),imshow(I1);title('灰度图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系J=double(I1);J=40*(log(J+1));H=uint8(J);subplot(1,2,2),imshow(H);title('对数变换图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系 4.直方图均衡化MATLAB程序实现如下：I=imread('xian.bmp');I=rgb2gray(I);figure;subplot(2,2,1);imshow(I);subplot(2,2,2);imhist(I);I1=histeq(I);figure;subplot(2,2,1);imshow(I1);subplot(2,2,2);imhist(I1); 5.线性平滑滤波器用MATLAB实现领域平均法抑制噪声程序：I=imread('xian.bmp');subplot(231)imshow(I)title('原始图像')I=rgb2gray(I);I1=imnoise(I,'salt & pepper',0.02);subplot(232)imshow(I1)title('添加椒盐噪声的图像')k1=filter2(fspecial('average',3),I1)/255; %进行3*3模板平滑滤波k2=filter2(fspecial('average',5),I1)/255; %进行5*5模板平滑滤波k3=filter2(fspecial('average',7),I1)/255; %进行7*7模板平滑滤波k4=filter2(fspecial('average',9),I1)/255; %进行9*9模板平滑滤波subplot(233),imshow(k1);title('3*3模板平滑滤波');subplot(234),imshow(k2);title('5*5模板平滑滤波');subplot(235),imshow(k3);title('7*7模板平滑滤波');subplot(236),imshow(k4);title('9*9模板平滑滤波'); 6.中值滤波器用MATLAB实现中值滤波程序如下：I=imread('xian.bmp');I=rgb2gray(I);J=imnoise(I,'salt&pepper',0.02);subplot(231),imshow(I);title('原图像');subplot(232),imshow(J);title('添加椒盐噪声图像');k1=medfilt2(J); %进行3*3模板中值滤波k2=medfilt2(J,[5,5]); %进行5*5模板中值滤波k3=medfilt2(J,[7,7]); %进行7*7模板中值滤波k4=medfilt2(J,[9,9]); %进行9*9模板中值滤波subplot(233),imshow(k1);title('3*3模板中值滤波');subplot(234),imshow(k2);title('5*5模板中值滤波');subplot(235),imshow(k3);title('7*7模板中值滤波');subplot(236),imshow(k4);title('9*9模板中值滤波'); 7.用Sobel算子和拉普拉斯对图像锐化：I=imread('xian.bmp');subplot(2,2,1),imshow(I);title('原始图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系I1=im2bw(I);subplot(2,2,2),imshow(I1);title('二值图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系H=fspecial('sobel'); %选择sobel算子 J=filter2(H,I1); %卷积运算subplot(2,2,3),imshow(J); title('sobel算子锐化图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系h=[0 1 0,1 -4 1,0 1 0]; %拉普拉斯算子J1=conv2(I1,h,'same'); %卷积运算subplot(2,2,4),imshow(J1); title('拉普拉斯算子锐化图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系 8.梯度算子检测边缘用MATLAB实现如下：I=imread('xian.bmp');subplot(2,3,1);imshow(I);title('原始图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系I1=im2bw(I);subplot(2,3,2);imshow(I1);title('二值图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系I2=edge(I1,'roberts');figure;subplot(2,3,3);imshow(I2);title('roberts算子分割结果');axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系I3=edge(I1,'sobel');subplot(2,3,4);imshow(I3);title('sobel算子分割结果');axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系I4=edge(I1,'Prewitt');subplot(2,3,5);imshow(I4);title('Prewitt算子分割结果');axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系 9.LOG算子检测边缘用MATLAB程序实现如下：I=imread('xian.bmp');subplot(2,2,1);imshow(I);title('原始图像');I1=rgb2gray(I);subplot(2,2,2);imshow(I1);title('灰度图像');I2=edge(I1,'log');subplot(2,2,3);imshow(I2);title('log算子分割结果'); 10.Canny算子检测边缘用MATLAB程序实现如下：I=imread('xian.bmp');subplot(2,2,1);imshow(I);title('原始图像')I1=rgb2gray(I);subplot(2,2,2);imshow(I1);title('灰度图像');I2=edge(I1,'canny');subplot(2,2,3);imshow(I2);title('canny算子分割结果'); 11.边界跟踪（bwtraceboundary函数）clcclear allI=imread('xian.bmp');figureimshow(I);title('原始图像');I1=rgb2gray(I); %将彩色图像转化灰度图像 threshold=graythresh(I1); %计算将灰度图像转化为二值图像所需的门限BW=im2bw(I1, threshold); %将灰度图像转化为二值图像figureimshow(BW);title('二值图像');dim=size(BW);col=round(dim(2)/2)-90; %计算起始点列坐标row=find(BW(:,col),1); %计算起始点行坐标connectivity=8;num_points=180;contour=bwtraceboundary(BW,[row,col],'N',connectivity,num_points); %提取边界figureimshow(I1);hold on;plot(contour(:,2),contour(:,1), 'g','LineWidth' ,2);title('边界跟踪图像'); 12.Hough变换I= imread('xian.bmp');rotI=rgb2gray(I);subplot(2,2,1);imshow(rotI);title('灰度图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; axis on; BW=edge(rotI,'prewitt');subplot(2,2,2);imshow(BW);title('prewitt算子边缘检测后图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; axis on; [H,T,R]=hough(BW);subplot(2,2,3);imshow(H,[],'XData',T,'YData',R,'InitialMagnification','fit');title('霍夫变换图');xlabel('\theta'),ylabel('\rho');axis on , axis normal, hold on =houghpeaks(H,5,'threshold',ceil(0.3*max(H( )));x=T(P(:,2));y=R(P(:,1));plot(x,y,'s','color','white');lines=houghlines(BW,T,R,P,'FillGap',5,'MinLength',7);subplot(2,2,4);,imshow(rotI);title('霍夫变换图像检测');axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; axis on; hold on;max_len=0;for k=1:length(lines)xy=[lines(k).point1;lines(k).point2];plot(xy(:,1),xy(:,2),'LineWidth',2,'Color','green');plot(xy(1,1),xy(1,2),'x','LineWidth',2,'Color','yellow');plot(xy(2,1),xy(2,2),'x','LineWidth',2,'Color','red');len=norm(lines(k).point1-lines(k).point2);if(len>max_len)max_len=len;xy_long=xy;endendplot(xy_long(:,1),xy_long(:,2),'LineWidth',2,'Color','cyan'); 13.直方图阈值法用MATLAB实现直方图阈值法：I=imread('xian.bmp');I1=rgb2gray(I);figure;subplot(2,2,1);imshow(I1);title('灰度图像')axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系[m,n]=size(I1); %测量图像尺寸参数GP=zeros(1,256); %预创建存放灰度出现概率的向量for k=0:255 GP(k+1)=length(find(I1==k))/(m*n); %计算每级灰度出现的概率，将其存入GP中相应位置endsubplot(2,2,2),bar(0:255,GP,'g') %绘制直方图title('灰度直方图')xlabel('灰度值')ylabel('出现概率') I2=im2bw(I,150/255); subplot(2,2,3),imshow(I2);title('阈值150的分割图像')axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系I3=im2bw(I,200/255); %subplot(2,2,4),imshow(I3);title('阈值200的分割图像')axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系 14. 自动阈值法：Otsu法用MATLAB实现Otsu算法：clcclear allI=imread('xian.bmp');subplot(1,2,1),imshow(I);title('原始图像')axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系level=graythresh(I); %确定灰度阈值BW=im2bw(I,level);subplot(1,2,2),imshow(BW);title('Otsu法阈值分割图像')axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系 15.膨胀操作I=imread('xian.bmp'); %载入图像I1=rgb2gray(I);subplot(1,2,1);imshow(I1);title('灰度图像') axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系se=strel('disk',1); %生成圆形结构元素I2=imdilate(I1,se); %用生成的结构元素对图像进行膨胀subplot(1,2,2);imshow(I2);title('膨胀后图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系 16.腐蚀操作MATLAB实现腐蚀操作I=imread('xian.bmp'); %载入图像I1=rgb2gray(I);subplot(1,2,1);imshow(I1);title('灰度图像') axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系se=strel('disk',1); %生成圆形结构元素I2=imerode(I1,se); %用生成的结构元素对图像进行腐蚀subplot(1,2,2);imshow(I2);title('腐蚀后图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系 17.开启和闭合操作用MATLAB实现开启和闭合操作I=imread('xian.bmp'); %载入图像subplot(2,2,1),imshow(I);title('原始图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);axis on; %显示坐标系 I1=rgb2gray(I);subplot(2,2,2),imshow(I1);title('灰度图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);axis on; %显示坐标系 se=strel('disk',1); %采用半径为1的圆作为结构元素I2=imopen(I1,se); %开启操作I3=imclose(I1,se); %闭合操作subplot(2,2,3),imshow(I2);title('开启运算后图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);axis on; %显示坐标系subplot(2,2,4),imshow(I3);title('闭合运算后图像');axis([50,250,50,200]); axis on; %显示坐标系 18.开启和闭合组合操作I=imread('xian.bmp'); %载入图像subplot(3,2,1),imshow(I);title('原始图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);axis on; %显示坐标系 I1=rgb2gray(I);subplot(3,2,2),imshow(I1);title('灰度图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);axis on; %显示坐标系 se=strel('disk',1); I2=imopen(I1,se); %开启操作I3=imclose(I1,se); %闭合操作subplot(3,2,3),imshow(I2);title('开启运算后图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);axis on; %显示坐标系subplot(3,2,4),imshow(I3);title('闭合运算后图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);axis on; %显示坐标系se=strel('disk',1); I4=imopen(I1,se);I5=imclose(I4,se);subplot(3,2,5),imshow(I5); %开—闭运算图像title('开—闭运算图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);axis on; %显示坐标系 I6=imclose(I1,se);I7=imopen(I6,se);subplot(3,2,6),imshow(I7); %闭—开运算图像 title('闭—开运算图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);axis on; %显示坐标系 19.形态学边界提取利用MATLAB实现如下：I=imread('xian.bmp'); %载入图像subplot(1,3,1),imshow(I);title('原始图像'); axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系I1=im2bw(I);subplot(1,3,2),imshow(I1);title('二值化图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on; %显示网格线axis on; %显示坐标系I2=bwperim(I1); %获取区域的周长subplot(1,3,3),imshow(I2); title('边界周长的二值图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);grid on;axis on; 20.形态学骨架提取利用MATLAB实现如下：I=imread('xian.bmp');subplot(2,2,1),imshow(I);title('原始图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);axis on; I1=im2bw(I);subplot(2,2,2),imshow(I1);title('二值图像');axis([50,250,50,200]);axis on; I2=bwmorph(I1,'skel',1);subplot(2,2,3),imshow(I2);title('1次骨架提取');axis([50,250,50,200]);axis on; I3=bwmorph(I1,'skel',2);subplot(2,2,4),imshow(I3);title('2次骨架提取');axis([50,250,50,200]);axis on; 21.直接提取四个顶点坐标I = imread('xian.bmp');I = I(:,:,1);BW=im2bw(I); figureimshow(~BW)[x,y]=getpts 来源：http://blog.163.com/somen111@126/blog/static/11558668420120481914231/ |
