用AVR单片机模拟的串口程序
在一些应用中，经常要用到双串口，但是一般单片机只提供一个串口，其实完全可以用普通I/O口模拟一个串口。以下的程序是我编写的模拟串口程序，程序中使用了单片机的定时器0，和INT0中断。数据的发送和接收由中断程序自动进行。程序已经过AVR仿真器仿真和实际烧片使用，证明可靠。有一点需要说明的是，此模拟的串口为半双工方式。
主程序中，单片机将标准串口设置为115200bps,将模拟串口设置为19200bps。单片机将标准串口收到的数据从模拟串口发送出去，将模拟串口接收到的数据从标准串口发送回来。
;**************************************************************************************************
;* title: half duplex uart simulaton program
;* version: 1.0
;* program time: 2001/11/05
;* target: AT90S8515
;* design: zsmbj@beijing
;**************************************************************************************************
.include "c:\program files\atmel\avr studio\appnotes\8515def.inc"
;BPS=19200
;F=11059200
.equ N=72
.equ txd0 =3 ;uart0 txd
.equ rxd0 =2 ;uart0 rxd
;****************************************************************
.equ stack=0x0ff
;****************************************************************
;bit define
.equ rdr=0
.equ fe0=1
.equ td=6
.equ busy=7
;register define
.def temp=r16
.def sbuf0=r17
.def status=r18
.def bit_cnt=r19
;**************************************************************************************************
.org 0x00
rjmp reset
.org 0x01
rjmp int00
.org 0x07
rjmp timer0_int
;**********************************************************
.cseg
;**********************************************************
;****initial
;**********************************************************
.org 0x0010
;reset at90s8515
reset:
ldi temp,0b00001000
out ddrb,temp
ldi temp,high(stack) ;stack
out sph,temp
ldi temp,low(stack)
out spl,temp
ldi temp,5 ;baud 115200bps at 11.0592M fosc
out ubrr,temp
ldi temp,0b00011000 ;enable rx and tx
out ucr,temp
;timer0 set
ldi temp,0x02 ;ck/8 0.72338us
out tccr0,temp
ldi temp,0x0a ;disable outside sram,int0 fall edge make a interrupt
out mcucr,temp
ldi temp,0x40
out gimsk,temp ;enable int0 and int1 interrupt
ldi temp,0
mov status,temp
sbi portb,txd0 ;txd0 bit=1
sei ;globle interrupt enable
rjmp main
;******************************************
timer0_int:
push temp
in temp,sreg
push temp
ldi temp,(256-N)
out TCNT0,temp
inc bit_cnt
sbrs status,td
rjmp timer0_receive
;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
;send data 8 data bit and 1 stop bit
timer0_send:
sbrc bit_cnt,3 ;if bit_cnt=8 then stop bit
rjmp timer0_send_stop
timer0_send_data:
sbrc sbuf0,0 ;txd=0
sbi portb,txd0
sbrs sbuf0,0 ;txd=1
cbi portb,txd0
lsr sbuf0
rjmp timer0_end
timer0_send_stop:
sbi portb,txd0 ;stop bit=1
sbrc bit_cnt,0
rjmp timer0_complete ;if bit_cnt=9 then complete
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
in temp,gifr
sbr temp,(1<<intf0)
out gifr,temp ;clr int0 flag
in temp,gimsk
sbr temp,(1<<int0)
out gimsk,temp ;enable gimsk/int0
rjmp timer0_end
;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
;receive start 1bit data 8 bit stop 1bit
timer0_receive:
cpi bit_cnt,1 ;if bit_cnt=1 then start bit
breq timer0_receive_start
cpi bit_cnt,10 ;if bit_cnt=10 then stop bit
breq timer0_receive_stop
rjmp timer0_receive_data
timer0_receive_start:
sbis pind,rxd0
rjmp timer0_end
cbr status,(1<<rdr) ;start bit wrong then rdr=0 exit
rjmp timer0_complete
timer0_receive_data:
sec
sbis pind,rxd0 ;get rxd0 data
clc
ror sbuf0
rjmp timer0_end
timer0_receive_stop:
cbr status,(1<<fe0) ;if stop bit=0 then fe0=0
sbis pind,rxd0
rjmp timer0_complete
sbr status,(1<<fe0)
sbr status,(1<<rdr) ;rdr=1
;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
timer0_complete:
in temp,timsk
cbr temp,(1<<toie0)
out timsk,temp ;disable timsk/toie0
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
in temp,gifr
sbr temp,(1<<intf0)
out gifr,temp ;clr int0 flag
in temp,gimsk
sbr temp,(1<<int0)
out gimsk,temp ;enable gimsk/int0
cbr status,(1<<busy)|(1<<td) ;busy=0,td=0
timer0_end:
pop temp
out sreg,temp
pop temp
reti
;******************************************
int00:
push temp
in temp,sreg
push temp
ldi temp,(256-N/2) ;skip 0.5bit
out TCNT0,temp
ldi status,(1<<busy) ;busy=1,rdr=0,td=0,fe0=0
clr bit_cnt
in temp,tifr
sbr temp,(1<<tov0)
out tifr,temp ;clr tifr/tov0
in temp,timsk
sbr temp,(1<<toie0)
out timsk,temp ;enable timsk/toie0
in temp,gimsk
cbr temp,(1<<int0)
out gimsk,temp ;disable gimsk/int0
pop temp
out sreg,temp
pop temp
reti
;**********************************************************rxd0_data:
txd0_data:
ldi status,(1<<busy)|(1<<td) ;busy=1,td=1,rdr=0
push temp
in temp,gimsk
cbr temp,(1<<int0)
out gimsk,temp ;disable gimsk/int0
pop temp
ser bit_cnt ;bit_cnt=0xff
mov sbuf0,temp ;send data
ldi temp,(256-N)
out TCNT0,temp ;wait 1 bit timer0 interrupt
in temp,tifr
sbr temp,(1<<tov0)
out tifr,temp ;clr tifr/tov0
in temp,timsk
sbr temp,(1<<toie0)
out timsk,temp ;enable timsk/toie0
cbi portb,txd0 ;uart start
ret
;******************************************
rxd0_data:
sbrs status,fe0 ;if fe0=0 then exit
rjmp rxd0_data_end
cbr status,(1<<rdr) ;rdr=0
mov temp,sbuf0
rxd0_data_end:
ret
;******************************************
;uart received a byts from uart and then return it from uart0:
;uart received a byts from uart0 and then return it from uart :
main:
sbic usr,rxc
rjmp send_115200
sbrs status,rdr
rjmp uart_end
send_19200:
rcall rxd0_data ;get uart data from 19200bps uart0
wait2: sbis usr,udrie
rjmp wait2
out udr,temp ;send data to 115200bps uart
rjmp uart_end
send_115200:
in temp,udr ;get uart data from 115200bps uart
sbic usr,fe
rjmp uart_end ;if fe err then end
wait3: sbrc status,td ;wait send flag
rjmp wait3
rcall txd0_data ;send data to 19200bps uart0
uart_end:
rjmp main
;**********************************************************
.exit
;**********************************************************
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