IOPS (Input/Output Operations Per Second),即每秒进行读写(I/O)操作的次数,多用于数据库等场合,衡量随机访问的性能。
存储端的IOPS性能和主机端的IO是不同的,IOPS是指存储每秒可接受多少次主机发出的访问,主机的一次IO需要多次访问存储才可以完成。例如,主机写入一个最小的数据块,也要经过“发送写入请求、写入数据、收到写入确认”等三个步骤,也就是3个存储端访问。
FIO是测试IOPS的非常好的工具,用来对硬件进行压力测试和验证,支持13种不同的I/O引擎,包括:sync,mmap, libaio, posixaio, SG v3, splice, null, network, syslet, guasi, solarisaio 等等。
fio 官网地址:http://freshmeat.net/projects/fio/
一,FIO安装
wget http://brick.kernel.dk/snaps/fio-2.0.7.tar.gz
yum install libaio-devel
tar -zxvf fio-2.0.7.tar.gz
cd fio-2.0.7
make
make install
二,FIO用法:
随机读:
fio -filename=/dev/sdb1 -direct=1 -iodepth 1 -thread -rw=randread -ioengine=psync -bs=16k -size=200G -numjobs=10 -runtime=1000 -group_reporting -name=mytest
说明:
filename=/dev/sdb1
测试文件名称,通常选择需要测试的盘的data目录。
direct=1
测试过程绕过机器自带的buffer。使测试结果更真实。
rw=randwrite
测试随机写的I/O
rw=randrw
测试随机写和读的I/O
bs=16k
单次io的块文件大小为16k
bsrange=512-2048
同上,提定数据块的大小范围
size=5g
本次的测试文件大小为5g,以每次4k的io进行测试。
numjobs=30
本次的测试线程为30.
runtime=1000
测试时间为1000秒,如果不写则一直将5g文件分4k每次写完为止。
ioengine=psync
io引擎使用pync方式
rwmixwrite=30
在混合读写的模式下,写占30%
group_reporting
关于显示结果的,汇总每个进程的信息。
此外
lockmem=1g
只使用1g内存进行测试。
zero_buffers
用0初始化系统buffer。
nrfiles=8
每个进程生成文件的数量。
顺序读:
fio -filename=/dev/sdb1 -direct=1 -iodepth 1 -thread -rw=read -ioengine=psync -bs=16k -size=200G -numjobs=30 -runtime=1000 -group_reporting -name=mytest
随机写:
fio -filename=/dev/sdb1 -direct=1 -iodepth 1 -thread -rw=randwrite -ioengine=psync -bs=16k -size=200G -numjobs=30 -runtime=1000 -group_reporting -name=mytest
顺序写:
fio -filename=/dev/sdb1 -direct=1 -iodepth 1 -thread -rw=write -ioengine=psync -bs=16k -size=200G -numjobs=30 -runtime=1000 -group_reporting -name=mytest
混合随机读写:
fio -filename=/dev/sdb1 -direct=1 -iodepth 1 -thread -rw=randrw -rwmixread=70 -ioengine=psync -bs=16k -size=200G -numjobs=30 -runtime=100 -group_reporting -name=mytest -ioscheduler=noop
三,实际测试范例:
[root@localhost ~]# fio -filename=/dev/sdb1 -direct=1 -iodepth 1 -thread -rw=randrw -rwmixread=70 -ioengine=psync -bs=16k -size=200G -numjobs=30 -runtime=100 -group_reporting -name=mytest1
mytest1: (g=0): rw=randrw, bs=16K-16K/16K-16K, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
…
mytest1: (g=0): rw=randrw, bs=16K-16K/16K-16K, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
fio 2.0.7
Starting 30 threads
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [________________m_____________] [3.5% done] [6935K/3116K /s] [423 /190
iops] [eta 48m:20s] s]
mytest1: (groupid=0, jobs=30): err= 0: pid=23802
read : io=1853.4MB, bw=18967KB/s, iops=1185 , runt=100058msec
clat (usec): min=60 , max=871116 , avg=25227.91, stdev=31653.46
lat (usec): min=60 , max=871117 , avg=25228.08, stdev=31653.46
clat percentiles (msec):
|
1.00th=[
3],
5.00th=[
5], 10.00th=[
6], 20.00th=[
8],
| 30.00th=[
10], 40.00th=[
12], 50.00th=[
15], 60.00th=[
19],
| 70.00th=[
26], 80.00th=[
37], 90.00th=[
57], 95.00th=[
79],
| 99.00th=[
151], 99.50th=[
202], 99.90th=[
338], 99.95th=[
383],
| 99.99th=[
523]
bw (KB/s)
: min=
26, max= 1944, per=3.36%, avg=636.84, stdev=189.15
write: io=803600KB, bw=8031.4KB/s, iops=501 , runt=100058msec
clat (usec): min=52 , max=9302 , avg=146.25, stdev=299.17
lat (usec): min=52 , max=9303 , avg=147.19, stdev=299.17
clat percentiles (usec):
|
1.00th=[
62],
5.00th=[
65], 10.00th=[
68], 20.00th=[
74],
| 30.00th=[
84], 40.00th=[
87], 50.00th=[
89], 60.00th=[
90],
| 70.00th=[
92], 80.00th=[
97], 90.00th=[
120], 95.00th=[
370],
| 99.00th=[ 1688], 99.50th=[ 2128], 99.90th=[ 3088], 99.95th=[ 3696],
| 99.99th=[ 5216]
bw (KB/s)
: min=
20, max= 1117, per=3.37%, avg=270.27, stdev=133.27
lat (usec) : 100=24.32%, 250=3.83%, 500=0.33%, 750=0.28%, 1000=0.27%
lat (msec) : 2=0.64%, 4=3.08%, 10=20.67%, 20=19.90%, 50=17.91%
lat (msec) : 100=6.87%, 250=1.70%, 500=0.19%, 750=0.01%, 1000=0.01%
cpu
: usr=1.70%, sys=2.41%, ctx=5237835, majf=0, minf=6344162
IO depths
: 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit
: 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete
: 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued
: total=r=118612/w=50225/d=0, short=r=0/w=0/d=0
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: io=1853.4MB, aggrb=18966KB/s, minb=18966KB/s, maxb=18966KB/s, mint=100058msec, maxt=100058msec
WRITE: io=803600KB, aggrb=8031KB/s, minb=8031KB/s, maxb=8031KB/s, mint=100058msec, maxt=100058msec
Disk stats (read/write):
sdb: ios=118610/50224, merge=0/0, ticks=2991317/6860, in_queue=2998169, util=99.77%
主要查看以上红色字体部分的iops
,Bw是传输带宽。
部分转 http://www.360doc.com/content/12/0809/11/2459_229177650.shtml
一个网上的脚本测试
#!/bin/bash
[[
$#
-lt 2
]]
&&
exit
1
DEV="$1"
OUTDIR="$2"
[[
-d
$OUTDIR
]]
||
mkdir -p
$OUTDIR
BLOCK_SIZES="512 4K 8K 256K"
JOBS="write randwrite read randread"
gen_job_file()
{
job=$1
block_size=$2
echo
"[global]"
>
$job
echo
"bs=$block_size"
>>
$job
echo
"direct=1"
>>
$job
echo
"rw=$job"
>>
$job
echo
"ioengine=libaio"
>>
$job
echo
"iodepth=8"
>>
$job
echo
"runtime=20"
>>
$job
echo
"[$DEV]"
>>
$job
}
cleanup()
{
for
job in
$JOBS
do
rm -f
$job
done
}
run_test()
{
job=$1
block_size=$2
for
i in
{1..1}
do
fio --output="$OUTDIR/fio.$job.$block_size.$i.log"
$job
done
}
# run all the jobs
for
job in
$JOBS
do
# generate job file for current job
for
block_size in
$BLOCK_SIZES
do
echo
echo
"run $job in $block_size"
gen_job_file
$job
$block_size
run_test
$job
$block_size
done
done
cleanup |