Java 容器源码分析之Map-Set-List（15）

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存储ArrayList 中提供了多种添加元素的方法，下面将一一进行讲解：
1.set(int index, E element)：该方法首先调用rangeCheck(index)来校验 index 变量是否超出数组范围，超出则抛出异常。而后，取出原 index 位置的值，并且将新的 element 放入 Index 位置，返回 oldValue。
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   /**     * Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with     * the specified element.     *     * @param index index of the element to replace     * @param element element to be stored at the specified position     * @return the element previously at the specified position     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}     */    public E set(int index, E element) {        rangeCheck(index);        E oldValue = elementData(index);        elementData[index] = element;        return oldValue;    }    /**      * Checks if the given index is in range.  If not, throws an appropriate      * runtime exception.  This method does *not* check if the index is      * negative: It is always used immediately prior to an array access,      * which throws an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if index is negative.      */      private void rangeCheck(int index) {        if (index >= size)        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));      }[url=][/url]

2.add(E e)：该方法是将指定的元素添加到列表的尾部。当容量不足时，会调用 grow 方法增长容量。
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/**     * Appends the specified element to the end of this list.     *     * @param e element to be appended to this list     * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add})     */    public boolean add(E e) {        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!        elementData[size++] = e;        return true;    }    private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {        modCount++;        // overflow-conscious code        if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)            grow(minCapacity);    }    private void grow(int minCapacity) {        // overflow-conscious code        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;        int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);        if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)            newCapacity = minCapacity;        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)            newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);        // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:        elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);    }[url=][/url]

3.add(int index, E element)：在 index 位置插入 element。
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/**     * Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this     * list. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and     * any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).     *     * @param index index at which the specified element is to be inserted     * @param element element to be inserted     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}     */    public void add(int index, E element) {        rangeCheckForAdd(index);        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!        System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,                         size - index);        elementData[index] = element;        size++;    }[url=][/url]

4.addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) 和 addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c)：将特定 Collection 中的元素添加到 Arraylist 末尾。
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/**     * Appends all of the elements in the specified collection to the end of     * this list, in the order that they are returned by the     * specified collection's Iterator.  The behavior of this operation is     * undefined if the specified collection is modified while the operation     * is in progress.  (This implies that the behavior of this call is     * undefined if the specified collection is this list, and this     * list is nonempty.)     *     * @param c collection containing elements to be added to this list     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list changed as a result of the call     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null     */    public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {        Object[] a = c.toArray();        int numNew = a.length;        ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew);  // Increments modCount        System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew);        size += numNew;        return numNew != 0;    }    /**     * Inserts all of the elements in the specified collection into this     * list, starting at the specified position.  Shifts the element     * currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to     * the right (increases their indices).  The new elements will appear     * in the list in the order that they are returned by the     * specified collection's iterator.     *     * @param index index at which to insert the first element from the     *              specified collection     * @param c collection containing elements to be added to this list     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list changed as a result of the call     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null     */    public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {        rangeCheckForAdd(index);        Object[] a = c.toArray();        int numNew = a.length;        ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew);  // Increments modCount        int numMoved = size - index;        if (numMoved > 0)            System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew,                             numMoved);        System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew);        size += numNew;        return numNew != 0;    }[url=][/url]

在 ArrayList 的存储方法，其核心本质是在数组的某个位置将元素添加进入。但其中又会涉及到关于数组容量不够而增长等因素。